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October 26, 2023
September 16, 2024
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Peas, a commonly consumed legume, have gained popularity not only for their delightful taste and versatility in cooking but also for their potential health benefits. Despite being a starchy vegetable, peas are known to have a relatively low glycemic index, making them a favorable option for individuals concerned about managing their blood sugar levels. 

Additionally, peas are rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, which contribute to their overall health-promoting properties.¹ In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into the intricate relationship between pea consumption, glycemic index, and its potential implications for individuals with diabetes.

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Glycemic Index Table

To calculate the nutritional components of peas, we use the USDA's FoodData Central. According to the data, 100 grams of peas contains approximately 14 grams of carbohydrates [source: USDA]. With the help of the provided glycemic index search tool, the glycemic index of peas is 22 [source: GlycemicIndex.com].

Hence, for a 100-gram serving of peas:

Glycemic Index: 22 (considered low on the glycemic index scale, suggesting it has a minor impact on blood sugar levels)²

Carbohydrates per Serving: 14 grams¹

Glycemic Load per Serving: Glycemic Load is determined by multiplying the glycemic index by the amount of carbohydrate content and dividing by 100. Therefore, the glycemic load per serving would be (22 * 14)/100 = 3.08, which is considered low.²

Regarding the glycemic index of peas, it's important to note that cooking and processing can influence the glycemic response. Overcooking or processing can lead to a higher glycemic index, while consuming peas in their natural, unprocessed form tends to retain their low glycemic nature, making them a favorable choice for individuals managing their blood sugar levels.

Glycemic Index

22

Serving Size

100g

Carbohydrate* per Serving (g)

14 g

GL per Serving

3.00

Nutritional Facts

Peas, a versatile and nutrient-dense legume, boasts an impressive nutritional profile, rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. They are particularly notable for their significant content of vitamin K, vitamin C, and folate, along with essential minerals like manganese and iron, all of which contribute to overall health and well-being.¹

Peas are also a notable source of plant-based protein, making them a valuable component in vegetarian and vegan diets, supporting muscle maintenance, repair, and various bodily functions.¹

The nutritional information below is for 100 g of peas.¹

Calories

108.67 kcal

Carbs

14 g

Protein

6.62 g

Fiber

2.38 g

Cholesterol

17.61 mg

Vitamins

A (52.44 µg), B12 (0.22 µg), B6 (0.2 mg), C (16.05 mg).

Sodium

213.15 mg

Total Fat

5.16 g

Is Peas Good for Weight Loss?

Peas can be a valuable addition to a weight loss diet due to their high fiber content and relatively low-calorie count. The fiber in peas promotes satiety and can help control appetite, potentially leading to reduced calorie intake. Furthermore, the protein content in peas can contribute to muscle maintenance and growth, which is vital for supporting metabolism and aiding in the preservation of lean body mass during weight loss. Incorporating peas into a well-balanced, calorie-controlled diet, along with regular physical activity, can be a beneficial strategy for individuals aiming to manage their weight.

Is Peas Safe for People Living with Diabetes?

Peas can be considered a safe and beneficial addition to the diet for individuals with diabetes, thanks to their low glycemic index and high fiber content. The slow digestion of peas' carbohydrates can help regulate blood sugar levels, making them suitable for maintaining stable glucose levels. 

Additionally, the dietary fiber in peas aids in better glucose control and improved insulin sensitivity, contributing to overall diabetes management. However, it is essential for individuals with diabetes to monitor their portion sizes and overall carbohydrate intake, as excessive consumption of peas, like any other food, can potentially impact blood sugar levels.

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Allergies

Pea allergies are relatively uncommon but can cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Symptoms may include itching, swelling, hives, and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Pea allergies are more common in individuals with legume allergies or those sensitive to other allergens, such as peanuts or soybeans, owing to the cross-reactivity between these allergens. 

While peas are generally considered a safe and nutritious food, it is crucial for those with known allergies or sensitivities to legumes to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional if they suspect an allergic reaction.

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FAQs

What is Glycemic Index?

The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood sugar levels compared to a reference food, usually glucose. It ranks foods on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating a faster rise in blood sugar. The glycemic index (GI) scale is typically categorized as follows: Low GI [55 or less], Medium GI [56-69], High GI [70 or higher]. Foods with a high glycemic index digest rapidly and can cause dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose or glucose spikes.

What is Glycemic Load?

Glycemic load (GL) takes into account both the quality (glycemic index) and quantity (carbohydrate content) of carbohydrates in a specific serving of food. It is a measure of how much a particular food will raise blood sugar levels. GL is calculated by multiplying the glycemic index of a food by its carbohydrate content and dividing it by 100. It provides a more accurate representation of the overall impact of a food on blood sugar compared to the glycemic index alone.

Does Peas Spike Insulin?

Yes, peas can spike insulin levels. Peas are a source of carbohydrates, and when consumed, they can cause a rise in blood sugar levels, which in turn triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas. However, the extent to which peas spike insulin levels may vary depending on factors such as the amount consumed, the individual's insulin sensitivity, and the presence of other nutrients or fiber in the meal. It is important to note that insulin spikes are a normal physiological response to carbohydrate consumption and are not necessarily harmful unless they occur excessively or chronically.

Is Peas Low Glycemic?

Yes, peas are considered low glycemic due to their high fiber and protein content, which slows down the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream. This makes them a good option for people with diabetes or those looking to manage their blood sugar levels.

Can People Living with Diabetes Eat Peas?

Yes, people living with diabetes can eat peas as they are a good source of fiber and protein and have a low glycemic index. However, portion control is important as they do contain carbohydrates. It is recommended to consult a registered dietitian for personalized meal planning.

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References

  1. USDA FoodData Central. (2019, April 1). Food Details - Peas, green, raw. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170419/nutrients 
  2. The University of Sydney. (2023, May 1). Glycemic Index – Glycemic Index Research and GI Newshttps://glycemicindex.com/

About the author

It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout.

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About the author

Brittany Barry is a national board-certified health coach and NASM-certified personal trainer based in South Carolina.

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Please note: The Signos team is committed to sharing insightful and actionable health articles that are backed by scientific research, supported by expert reviews, and vetted by experienced health editors. The Signos blog is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider. Read more about our editorial process and content philosophy here.

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